The mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia have been widely explored since 1970s. This study has contributed the growing body of scientific data supporting the use of electro analgesic modalities in the management of chronic pain 7. In the late 1960s, chinese doctors also started to combine the use of electrical stimulation with acupuncture after some successful experiments with acupuncture anesthesia. Their electrical acupuncture devices were designed to apply electric current to needles inserted into acupoints. The primary aims were to compare the painrelieving effect and postoperative wellbeing between electro acupuncture analgesia ea and conventional analgesia ca. The objective of this paper is to evaluate what the best stimulatory frequencies with electroacupuncture,and which promotes better analgesic effects in a population of individuals with cronic neck pain. For this purpose, articles referring to the analgesic effect of acupuncture on neuropathic pain and particularly the. Electro acupuncture is a newer intervention in the field of chiropractic. The technique of hypnoanalgesia by electroacupuncture. Abstract acupuncture is one of the most effective alternative medical treatments in pain management with the advantages of simple application, low cost and minimal side effects. The results show that electro acupuncture dramatically increased 300400 % the lever pressing threshold for approximately 20 min after electro acupuncture stimulation was terminated. The cumulative dose of patientcontrolled analgesia morphine used on postoperative day 2 was signi. Acupuncture analgesia manual acupuncture or electro acupuncture ea has convincing therapeutic effects in various painful conditions, and these effects could last for a long period of time even hours after acupuncture application being terminated11. For example in cattle, a controlled study using 28 animals found that a level of surgical analgesia graded as excellent was produced in 87.
Therefore, it appears that the analgesic effect of acupuncture in various conditions may be mediated by different mechanisms. Mechanisms of electroacupunctureinduced analgesia on. Acupuncture and electroacupuncture for the treatment of. Needles were percutaneously placed on treatment days. Objectives to evaluate the effects of acupuncture or electroacupuncture on the objective and subjective measures of disease activity in patients with ra. Acupuncture is an ancient medical treatment whose origins in china date back as far as 10,000 bc. Mechanisms of acupunctureelectroacupuncture on persistent pain. Evaluation of the effect of metoclopramide on acupuncture and electro acupuncture analgesia a blind and controlled study in rats. Using silver spike point needlefree electroacupuncture for.
Anesthesia by electro acupuncture in neurosurgery core. Electroacupuncture attenuates bone cancer pain and inhibits. Acupuncture with manual and electrical stimulation for labour. Gejervall al, stenervictorin e, moller a, janson po, werner c, bergh c. In addition, the response to acupuncture is believed to be a trait. Electroacupuncture at the zusanli, yanglingquan, and kunlun. We observed that electroacupuncture ea decreased hyperalgesia in transgenic mice with scd with varied analgesia from high to moderate to no response. Following induction of anaesthesia, mac was determined in duplicate. There is a superior analgesic effect by the electroacupuncture as compared with the traditional systemic acupuncture, especially in musculoskeletal pain silveriolopes, 2007. Electro acupuncture effects are found to be dependent on the frequency of applied electrical impulses provided that each wave form and all other parameters are kept constant. In the vigil technique, the patient is awake and manual or electrical underlined stimulation is used. Electrical devices can be internal or external, at the site of pain local or delocalized throughout the whole body.
It defines a set of therapeutic principles in which needles are inserted at specified points on the body along designated meridians, with the aim of reestablishing the homeostatic balance of the internal milieu involving yingyang, the five elements, and the zhongfus and thereby relieving most. There are two methods used to achieve electro acupunctural anesthesia. The electro machine can perform fast rotation, stabilize the treatment, and control the stimulation. Electroacupuncture is a form of acupuncture where a small electric current is passed between pairs of acupuncture needles. A placebo controlled study assessed the comparative effectiveness of 4 different modes of acupuncture and 2 modes of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation tens used prior to the onset of. Stimulation consisted of 2hz and 100hz currents alternated at 2s intervals. Successful practice of electroacupuncture analgesia in equine. The analgesic effect of acupuncture in healthy volunteers. The exhibited clinical signs, particularly after electro acupuncture induction and maintenance, were shivering, tremors, quidding, blinking of the eyelids, nystagmus. B16bl6 melanoma cells were inoculated into the plantar region of unilateral hind paw and the thermal hyperalgesia was measured by using radiant heat test and hot plate test.
Our studies showed that acupuncture produces analgesic effect and that electroacupuncture ea is more effective than manual acupuncture. Progress in the pharmacological studies of acupuncture analgesia c. Stagedependent analgesia of electroacupuncture in a mouse. A total of 94 women undergoing ivf were randomized to auricular acupuncture with ea, n 32 or without a, n 32 continuous 1 hz auricular stimulat ion using a battery powered miniaturized. Pstim auricular electroacupuncture stimulation device. The pharmaceutical study pointed to the endogenous opioid peptides eops as major candidates for a role in acupuncture s action, as electro acupuncture analgesia. Dec 01, 2012 acupuncture is an ancient medical treatment whose origins in china date back as far as 10,000 bc. Electroacupuncture pdf download full pdf read book page. However, parameters used in ea vary greatly among studies. Stagedependent analgesia of electroacupuncture in a. The exhibited clinical signs, particularly after electro acupuncture induction and maintenance, were shivering, tremors, quidding, blinking of. Effectiveness of electroacupuncture analgesia compared with opioid.
Electroacupuncture therapy is a technique that is done by inserting the acupuncture needles in the scalp and then connecting the electro machine to stimulate the point. Electroacupuncture ea, involving endogenous opioids and neurotransmitters in the central. Ssp as needlefree ea and has been shown to have a similar analgesic effect to standard ea, where electrical stimulation is applied to needles that have been. Electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture increase joint. Electroacupuncture attenuates bone cancer pain and. Use electro stimulation instead of hand stimulation to treat disease. Manual acupuncture or electro acupuncture ea has con. Acupuncture is an ancient chinese method to treat diseases and relieve pain. Neurophysiological basis of acupunctureinduced analgesiaan. Some archeological findings turn back the acupuncture in the pre. Electroacupuncture modification of halothane anaesthesia in. It works by interfering with the electric currents of pain signals, inhibiting them from reaching the brain and inducing a response. Analgesic effects of acupuncture in thoracolumbar disc disease in dogs. There was a trend for lower visual analog scale pain scores in the electro acupuncture group between postoperative days 2 and 6, although this did not reach statistical signi.
The effects of electro acupuncture on minimum alveolar anaesthetic concentration mac was studied during halothane anaesthesia in the dog. The central serotonergic system mediates the analgesic effect of electro norepinephrine in the present study and the others are acupuncture on zusanli st36 acupoints. Substance p modulates electroacupuncture analgesia in. Effect of electroacupuncture vs sham treatment on change in pain. Electroacupuncture was compared with conventional opioid pain relief in female dogs undergoing elective neutering. Mechanisms of auricular acupuncture several possible mechanisms have been proposed for acupuncture analgesia. Effect of brief electrical and manual acupuncture stimulation. Furthermore, electri cal stimulation via skin patch electrodes is as. This research synthesis investigated acupuncture, acupressure and electroacupuncture as an alternative and complementary treatment option in childbirth labor, specifically the effects of acupuncture, acupressure and electroacupuncture on shortening labor duration, and how the above treatments can reduce the pain and need for pharmacological and. Although the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia and its organ protection are.
The physiology of acupuncture analgesia in surgery. Pstim auricular electroacupuncture stimulation device for. Annlouise gejervall, elisabet stenervictorin, anders moller, per olof janson, charlotte werner, christina bergh, electroacupuncture versus conventional analgesia. It is also possible that stimulation of various points to lead to different mechanisms of action. Progress in the use of acupuncture since the 1970s d. Preclinical studies suggest that electroacupuncture may lead to stronger analgesic outcomes than manual acupuncture. Electro acupuncture in the treatment of chronic lameness in horses and ponies. Classical acupuncture the traditional practice of acupuncture is based on the hypothesis that all the bodys physiological functions are modulated by 12 bilaterally distributed channels six yin and six yang channels, supplemented by two midline channels one in the front and the.
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation reduces. Manual acupuncture or a local injection of the adenosine a1 receptor agonist. Psychophysical outcomes from a randomized pilot study of. Neurophysiological basis of acupunctureinduced analgesia. Electroanalgesia is a form of analgesia, or pain relief, that uses electricity to ease pain. Acupuncture is an old chinese technique for treatment. In acute monkey preparations, spike activity of single neurons in n. Electroacupuncture ea is getting more attention as a method of producing analgesia. The duration of analgesia varied from 20 to 45 minutes depending on the type of surgery performed. Tsui and leung 7 showed that eac is superior to conventional manual acupuncture on pain relief while treating patients with chronic tennis elbow.
Substance p and betaendorphin mediate electro acupuncture induced analgesia in mouse cancer pain model. We have conducted a series of studies to examine the mechanisms of this ancient method for pain relief. The study involved electrical stimulation of an auricular acupuncture point which resulted in enhancement of analgesic benefits of acupuncture in patients with chronic low back pain. Analgesic effect of electroacupuncture in postthoracotomy. Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold. Lee hj, lee jh, lee eo, lee hj, kim kh, kim sh, lee ks, jung hj, kim sh. Successful practice of electroacupuncture analgesia in. Contradictory to our data showing no changes in 2004.
The aim of this study was to examine the immediate and therapeutic antihyperalgesic effect of electro acupuncture ea on a mouse model of cutaneous cancer pain. Lesioning of the dorsal raphe nuclei 23 and the dorsal and medial raphe nuclei 24 interferes with the effect of electro acupuncture ea. Pdf electroacupuncture analgesia is improved by adenoviral. Naloxone fails to reverse pain thresholds elevated by acupuncture. Electro acupuncture is a technique in which low frequency electrical current is applied to acupuncture points for either analgesic purposes or non analgesic purposes. After showing a recent graduate of an acupuncture college how to treat a sciatica patient with estim using a. Parafascicularis of the thalamus, evoked by noxious electrical stimulation to the sciatic. Auricular electroacupuncture as an additional perioperative. Acupuncture, acupressure and electroacupuncture for pain. The electrodes were stimulated on the treatment day. Their involvement in electroacupuncture analgesia is yet to be investigated. Pdf acupuncture anesthesia and analgesia for clinical acute. Influence of naloxone on electro acupuncture analgesia using an experimental dental pain test. Ea is a modified acupuncture technique that, as its name implies, utilizes electrical stimulation, and its analgesic effect on different types of acute pains and.
Postoperative analgesia from perioperative acupuncture seems not to be. Electro stimulation has a postoperative pain relieving effect when applied as either electro acupuncture ea, transcutaneous nerve stimulation tens or silver spike point ssp therapy. Electroacupuncture at the zusanli, yanglingquan, and. Stagedependent analgesia of electro acupuncture in a mouse model of cutaneous cancer pain qiliang maoying a, kemi cui a, qiong liu a, zhiqiang dong a, wei wang a, jun wang a, hong sha c, gencheng wu a, yanqing wang a,b, a department of integrative medicine and neurobiology, institute of acupuncture research, shanghai medical college, fudan university. Electro acupuncture involves application of high andor low frequency current to inva. Stagedependent analgesia of electro acupuncture in a mouse model of cutaneous cancer pain qiliang maoying a, kemi cui a, qiong liu a, zhiqiang dong a, wei wang a, jun wang a, hong sha c, gencheng wu a, yanqing wang a,b. Electroacupuncture and stimulatory frequencies for analgesia. Ghoname es, craig wf, white pf, ahmed he, hamza ma, gajraj nm et al. Electroacupuncture analgesia for colonoscopy request pdf. Perioperative acupuncture modulation british journal of anaesthesia.
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